On Becoming (Im)patient
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This paper describes two different meanings we usually associate with being a patient. In order to do so, I draw on Simone de Beauvoir and her methodology which enables me to conceive how different features of one´s identity are construed temporarily in a my own-intersubjective dynamism. Being a patient is here examined with regard to two dimensions: as an existential relationship with the illness and as a role in doctor-patient encounter. In the first part, the “patient” model is being analyzed. The relationship with the illness is conceived mostly as a loss, and epistemologically, the patient is conceived as irrelevant or irrational in the relation with the healthcare professional. To conclude it, I analyze different phenomenological description of being ill. The other extreme, I present “impatient” experiences, which are full of activity. Here, existential relationship with the illness is conceived as a “negotiation” and doctor-patient relationship is more about searching acceptable solutions in common. This part is mostly informed by Baszanger´s and Mol´s work. In conclusion, it is stressed that both notions form extreme points of the axis of illness and patient experience.
Aguayo, Gloria, Catherine Goetzinger, Renza Scibilia, Aurélie Fischer, Till Seuring, Viet-Thi Tran, Philippe Ravaud, Tamás Bereczky, Laetitia Huiart y Guy Fagherazzi. “Methods to Generate Innovative Research Ideas and Improve Patient and Public Involvement in Modern Epidemiological Research: Review, Patient Viewpoint, and Guidelines for Implementation of a Digital Cohort Study”. Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, núm. 12 (2021): e25743. https://doi.org/10.2196/25743.
Ahmed, Sara. Queer Phenomenology: Orientations, Objects, Others. Durham: Duke University Press, 2006.
Aho, Kevin. “Notes from a Heart Attack. A Phenomenology of an Altered Body”. En Phenomenology of the Broken Body. Eds. Espen Dahl, Cassandra Falke y Thor Eirik Eriksen, 188-201. Nueva York: Routledge, 2019.
Artundo Purroy, Carlos, y Ana Rivadeneyra Sicilia. “Hacia una nueva organización de los dispositivos de salud pública en España. Informe SESPAS 2008”. Gaceta Sanitaria 22 (supl. 1) (2008): 96-103.
Bąk, Agata. “Habitar el mundo negociado. Dimensiones de inhospitabilidad en la experiencia de pacientes crónicos”. En Mundo hostil: saberes de frontera sobre la violencia contemporánea. Ed. Arturo Moreno Aguirre, 80-91. Buenos Aires: Biblos, 2022.
Baszanger, Isabelle. “Les maladies chroniques et leur ordre négocié”. Revue Française de Sociologie 27, núm. 1 (1986): 3-27.
Bilginsoy, Cihan, N. Waitzman, C. O. Leonard y Sharon L. Ernst. “Living with Phenylketonuria: Perspectives of Patients and their Families”. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Diseases 28, núm. 5 (2005): 639-649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10545-005-4478-8.
Binnie, K., C. McGuire y Havi Carel. “Objects of Safety and Imprisonment: Breathless Patients’ Use of Medical Objects in a Palliative Setting”. Journal of Material Culture 26, núm. 2 (2021): 122-141. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359183520931900.
Carel, Havi. “Bodily Doubt”. Journal of Consciousness Studies 20, 7-8 (2013): 178-197.
Carel, Havi. “With Bated Breath: Diagnosis of Respiratory Illness”. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 58, núm. 1 (2015): 53-65. https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2015.0013.
Carel, Havi. Phenomenology of Illness. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.
Carel, Havi, Ian James Kidd y Richard Pettigrew. “Illness as a Transformative Experience”, The Lancet núm. 388 (2016) 1152-1153. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31606-3.
De Beauvoir, Simone. Le deuxiéme sexe II. L´experience vécue. París: Gallimard, 2011.
De Beauvoir, Simone. La vejez. Trad. Aurora Bernárdez. México: Penguin Random House. 2020.
Depraz, Natalie. “Micro-Phenomenological Explicitation Interviews and Biographical Narrative Interviews: A Combined Perspective in Light of the Experiential Analysis of Chronic Diseases”. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 21, núm. 1 (2022): 97-106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-021-09740-3.
Dings, Roy, y Glas Gerrit. “Self-Management in Psychiatry as Reducing Self-Illness Ambiguity”. Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology 27, núm. 4 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1353/ppp.2020.0043.
Ford, Susan, Mike O'Driscoll y Anita MacDonald. “Living with Phenylketonuria: Lessons from the PKU Community”. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports 17 (2018): 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgmr.2018.10.002
Følling, Ivar. “The Discovery of Phenylketonuria”. Acta Paediatrica, 83, núm. 407 (1994): 4-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13440.x.
Fundación Dravet (s/f). “Estrategia”. Recuperado de https://dravetfoundation.eu/estrategia/ el 20 de noviembre de 2022.
Gallagher, Shaun, “Relations Between Agency and Ownership in the Case of Schizophrenic Thought Insertion and Delusions of Control“. Review of Philosophy and Psychology 6, núm. 4 (2015): 865-879. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-014-0222-3.
Green, Anne. “The First Treatment for PKU: The Pioneers—Birmingham 1951”. International Journal of Neonatal Screening 7, núm. 1 (2021): 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijns7010019.
Heinämaa, Sara. “Ambiguity and Difference: Two Feminist Ethics of the Present”. En Differences: Rereading Beauvoir and Irigaray, eds. A. Parker y A. van Leeuwen, 137-176. Nueva York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
Husserl, Edmund. Die Lebenswelt. Auslegungen der vorgegebenen Welt und ihrer Konstitution. Texte aus dem Nachlass (1916-1937) Hrsg. von Rochus Sowa (Springer: Netherlands, Hua XXXIX 2008) Edición en castellano (inédito). El mundo de la vida. Explicitaciones del mundo predado y de su constitución. Textos del legado (1916-1937). Trad. Roberto Walton.
Kidd, Ian James, y Havi Carel, “Epistemic Injustice and Illness”. Journal of Applied Philosophy 34, núm. 2 (2017): 172-190. https://doi.org/10.1111/japp.12172.
Leder, Drew. “Re-possibilizing the World: Recovery from Serious Illness, Injury or Impairment”, en Phenomenology of the broken body, eds. Dahl, Espen; Falke, Cassandra; Eriks, Thor. 173-187. Nueva York: Routledge. 2019.
Leder, Drew. The Absent Body. Estados Unidos: University of Chicago Press, 1990.
Mol, Annemarie. The Logic of Care. Health and the Problem of Patient Choice. Nueva York: Routledge, 2008.
Ramos dos Reis, Róbson. Cancer infantil, sofrimento e Transformacao. Um ensaio fenomenológico. Rio de Janeiro: Via Verita Editora. 2022
Roca, J. R. y Roche-Cárcel, J. A. “Kairós y vulnerabilidad de las personas afectadas por enfermedades raras: un análisis semiótico y hermenéutico”. EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, 0, núm. 31 (2022), e494. https://doi.org/10.46530/ecdp.v0i31.494.
Svenaeus, Fredrik. The Hermeneutics of Medicine and the Phenomenology of Health. Steps Towards a Philosophy of Medical Practice. Dodrecht: Springer. 2000
Svenaeus, Fredrik. Phenomenological Bioethics. Medical Technologies, Human Suffering, and the Meaning of Being Alive. Nueva York: Routledge, 2018.
Todres, Les, Kathleen Galvin, y Immy Holloway, “The Humanization of Healthcare: A Value Framework for Qualitative Research”. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being 4, núm. 2 (2009): 68-77. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482620802646204.
Toombs, S. Kay. “The Body in Multiple Sclerosis. A Patient’s Perspective”. En The Body in Medical Thought and Practice, ed. Leder, Drew, 127-137. Heidelber: Springer, 1992.
Wolf-Meyer, Matthew J. Unraveling. Remaking Personhood in a Neurodiverse Age. Londres: University of Minnesota Press. 2020.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Main Article Content
This paper describes two different meanings we usually associate with being a patient. In order to do so, I draw on Simone de Beauvoir and her methodology which enables me to conceive how different features of one´s identity are construed temporarily in a my own-intersubjective dynamism. Being a patient is here examined with regard to two dimensions: as an existential relationship with the illness and as a role in doctor-patient encounter. In the first part, the “patient” model is being analyzed. The relationship with the illness is conceived mostly as a loss, and epistemologically, the patient is conceived as irrelevant or irrational in the relation with the healthcare professional. To conclude it, I analyze different phenomenological description of being ill. The other extreme, I present “impatient” experiences, which are full of activity. Here, existential relationship with the illness is conceived as a “negotiation” and doctor-patient relationship is more about searching acceptable solutions in common. This part is mostly informed by Baszanger´s and Mol´s work. In conclusion, it is stressed that both notions form extreme points of the axis of illness and patient experience.
Aguayo, Gloria, Catherine Goetzinger, Renza Scibilia, Aurélie Fischer, Till Seuring, Viet-Thi Tran, Philippe Ravaud, Tamás Bereczky, Laetitia Huiart y Guy Fagherazzi. “Methods to Generate Innovative Research Ideas and Improve Patient and Public Involvement in Modern Epidemiological Research: Review, Patient Viewpoint, and Guidelines for Implementation of a Digital Cohort Study”. Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, núm. 12 (2021): e25743. https://doi.org/10.2196/25743.
Ahmed, Sara. Queer Phenomenology: Orientations, Objects, Others. Durham: Duke University Press, 2006.
Aho, Kevin. “Notes from a Heart Attack. A Phenomenology of an Altered Body”. En Phenomenology of the Broken Body. Eds. Espen Dahl, Cassandra Falke y Thor Eirik Eriksen, 188-201. Nueva York: Routledge, 2019.
Artundo Purroy, Carlos, y Ana Rivadeneyra Sicilia. “Hacia una nueva organización de los dispositivos de salud pública en España. Informe SESPAS 2008”. Gaceta Sanitaria 22 (supl. 1) (2008): 96-103.
Bąk, Agata. “Habitar el mundo negociado. Dimensiones de inhospitabilidad en la experiencia de pacientes crónicos”. En Mundo hostil: saberes de frontera sobre la violencia contemporánea. Ed. Arturo Moreno Aguirre, 80-91. Buenos Aires: Biblos, 2022.
Baszanger, Isabelle. “Les maladies chroniques et leur ordre négocié”. Revue Française de Sociologie 27, núm. 1 (1986): 3-27.
Bilginsoy, Cihan, N. Waitzman, C. O. Leonard y Sharon L. Ernst. “Living with Phenylketonuria: Perspectives of Patients and their Families”. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Diseases 28, núm. 5 (2005): 639-649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10545-005-4478-8.
Binnie, K., C. McGuire y Havi Carel. “Objects of Safety and Imprisonment: Breathless Patients’ Use of Medical Objects in a Palliative Setting”. Journal of Material Culture 26, núm. 2 (2021): 122-141. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359183520931900.
Carel, Havi. “Bodily Doubt”. Journal of Consciousness Studies 20, 7-8 (2013): 178-197.
Carel, Havi. “With Bated Breath: Diagnosis of Respiratory Illness”. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 58, núm. 1 (2015): 53-65. https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2015.0013.
Carel, Havi. Phenomenology of Illness. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.
Carel, Havi, Ian James Kidd y Richard Pettigrew. “Illness as a Transformative Experience”, The Lancet núm. 388 (2016) 1152-1153. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31606-3.
De Beauvoir, Simone. Le deuxiéme sexe II. L´experience vécue. París: Gallimard, 2011.
De Beauvoir, Simone. La vejez. Trad. Aurora Bernárdez. México: Penguin Random House. 2020.
Depraz, Natalie. “Micro-Phenomenological Explicitation Interviews and Biographical Narrative Interviews: A Combined Perspective in Light of the Experiential Analysis of Chronic Diseases”. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 21, núm. 1 (2022): 97-106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-021-09740-3.
Dings, Roy, y Glas Gerrit. “Self-Management in Psychiatry as Reducing Self-Illness Ambiguity”. Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology 27, núm. 4 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1353/ppp.2020.0043.
Ford, Susan, Mike O'Driscoll y Anita MacDonald. “Living with Phenylketonuria: Lessons from the PKU Community”. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports 17 (2018): 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgmr.2018.10.002
Følling, Ivar. “The Discovery of Phenylketonuria”. Acta Paediatrica, 83, núm. 407 (1994): 4-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13440.x.
Fundación Dravet (s/f). “Estrategia”. Recuperado de https://dravetfoundation.eu/estrategia/ el 20 de noviembre de 2022.
Gallagher, Shaun, “Relations Between Agency and Ownership in the Case of Schizophrenic Thought Insertion and Delusions of Control“. Review of Philosophy and Psychology 6, núm. 4 (2015): 865-879. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-014-0222-3.
Green, Anne. “The First Treatment for PKU: The Pioneers—Birmingham 1951”. International Journal of Neonatal Screening 7, núm. 1 (2021): 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijns7010019.
Heinämaa, Sara. “Ambiguity and Difference: Two Feminist Ethics of the Present”. En Differences: Rereading Beauvoir and Irigaray, eds. A. Parker y A. van Leeuwen, 137-176. Nueva York: Oxford University Press, 2018.
Husserl, Edmund. Die Lebenswelt. Auslegungen der vorgegebenen Welt und ihrer Konstitution. Texte aus dem Nachlass (1916-1937) Hrsg. von Rochus Sowa (Springer: Netherlands, Hua XXXIX 2008) Edición en castellano (inédito). El mundo de la vida. Explicitaciones del mundo predado y de su constitución. Textos del legado (1916-1937). Trad. Roberto Walton.
Kidd, Ian James, y Havi Carel, “Epistemic Injustice and Illness”. Journal of Applied Philosophy 34, núm. 2 (2017): 172-190. https://doi.org/10.1111/japp.12172.
Leder, Drew. “Re-possibilizing the World: Recovery from Serious Illness, Injury or Impairment”, en Phenomenology of the broken body, eds. Dahl, Espen; Falke, Cassandra; Eriks, Thor. 173-187. Nueva York: Routledge. 2019.
Leder, Drew. The Absent Body. Estados Unidos: University of Chicago Press, 1990.
Mol, Annemarie. The Logic of Care. Health and the Problem of Patient Choice. Nueva York: Routledge, 2008.
Ramos dos Reis, Róbson. Cancer infantil, sofrimento e Transformacao. Um ensaio fenomenológico. Rio de Janeiro: Via Verita Editora. 2022
Roca, J. R. y Roche-Cárcel, J. A. “Kairós y vulnerabilidad de las personas afectadas por enfermedades raras: un análisis semiótico y hermenéutico”. EN-CLAVES del pensamiento, 0, núm. 31 (2022), e494. https://doi.org/10.46530/ecdp.v0i31.494.
Svenaeus, Fredrik. The Hermeneutics of Medicine and the Phenomenology of Health. Steps Towards a Philosophy of Medical Practice. Dodrecht: Springer. 2000
Svenaeus, Fredrik. Phenomenological Bioethics. Medical Technologies, Human Suffering, and the Meaning of Being Alive. Nueva York: Routledge, 2018.
Todres, Les, Kathleen Galvin, y Immy Holloway, “The Humanization of Healthcare: A Value Framework for Qualitative Research”. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being 4, núm. 2 (2009): 68-77. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482620802646204.
Toombs, S. Kay. “The Body in Multiple Sclerosis. A Patient’s Perspective”. En The Body in Medical Thought and Practice, ed. Leder, Drew, 127-137. Heidelber: Springer, 1992.
Wolf-Meyer, Matthew J. Unraveling. Remaking Personhood in a Neurodiverse Age. Londres: University of Minnesota Press. 2020.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.