Hacia una bioética de segunda generación: fundamentos normativos para la edición genética de la línea germinal humana

La acelerada expansión de la biotecnología ha reconfigurado el vínculo entre conocimiento, poder y moralidad, generando dilemas inéditos en torno a la edición genética de la línea germinal y revelando la insuficiencia del marco principialista clásico para afrontar desafíos intergeneracionales y planetarios. En ese marco, el objetivo del presente artículo es formular un marco normativo-operativo de bioética de segunda generación que supere las limitaciones del principialismo y responda a las implicaciones éticas, jurídicas y sociales de la manipulación genética hereditaria. Los resultados evidencian tres transformaciones estructurales en la arquitectura moral contemporánea: el tránsito del antropocentrismo hacia una ontología relacional de la vida, de la autonomía individual a la corresponsabilidad intergeneracional y de la moral normativa a una ética de la incertidumbre. Se concluye que la bioética de segunda generación redefine la función de la ética en la biotecnología, orientándola hacia la sostenibilidad moral, la justicia genética y la responsabilidad global como fundamentos para una gobernanza anticipatoria del futuro biotecnológico.

edición genética germinal, responsabilidad intergeneracional, gobernanza científica, ética de la incertidumbre, justicia genética

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